Am. Govt. Home Page
Chapter 4
Federalism
Links
for Study
Ch. 4
Powerpoint
Ch. 4 Study Guide
Ch. 4 PH@School Link
1 - Federalism: The
Division of Power
4-1 Guided Reading
4-1 Quiz
4-1 Summary
2
- The National Govt.
and the 50 States
4-2 Guided Reading
4-2 Quiz
4-2 Summary
3 - Interstate Relations
4-3 Guided Reading
4-3 Quiz
4-3 Summary
PASD Home Page
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Chapter 4 - Federalism - Notes
- Scroll down for notes on each section
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Ch. 4 – Sec. 1 Notes - Federalism – The division of power
- Federalism is the system of government in which the U.S. Constitution provides for the division of powers between two levels—the National Government and the States.
- The National Government possesses delegated powers, or also called (Enumerated Powers)
- Powers specifically given by the Constitution.
- There are three kinds of delegated powers.
- 1 - Expressed powers are those listed in the Constitution.
- 2 - Implied powers are not listed but are suggested.
- 3 - Inherent powers are those that national governments have historically possessed, such as the regulation of immigration.
- Most delegated powers are exclusive powers, or powers that belong only to the National Government.
- The States’ powers are called reserved powers.
- They are powers not already given to the National Government and not listed as powers the States may not have.
- For example, the States may decide how old people must be to get drivers’ licenses.
- Some powers delegated to the National Government are concurrent powers. It shares these powers with the State governments.
- Since some of the powers of the National and State governments overlap, the Supreme Court plays the key role of resolving disputes.
- The Constitution is the “supreme Law of the Land.”
The Division of Powers
Ch. 4 – Sec. 2 Notes - The National Government and the 50 States
- The Constitution says that the National Government must guarantee a “Republican Form of Government”.
- A republic is a state or country whose sovereignty is based on
popular consent, and whose governance is based on popular representation and
control. Several definitions stress the importance of the rule of law as part of
the requirements for a republic.
- It must protect the States “against Invasion” and against “domestic Violence.”
- This allows federal officials to enter a State to restore order or to help in a disaster.
- The National Government may create new States.
- But not from the territory of an existing State without permission from that State’s legislature.
- To become a new State, an area’s residents must first ask Congress for admission.
- Congress passes an Enabling act, which approves the writing of a State constitution.
- The area’s residents write the constitution and submit it to Congress.
- Congress makes the area a State with an Act of admission.
- When the President signs the act, the State is admitted to the Union.
- The National Government and States cooperate in many ways.
- From 1972 to 1987, Congress gave the States and their local governments a share of federal tax money through Revenue sharing.
- Through the three types of grants-in aid program, the National Government gives resources to the States or their local governments.
- Project grants are made to States, localities, and even private agencies that apply for them
- States also assist the National Government in many ways.
- For example, the State and local governments carry out and pay for national elections.
National and State Cooperation
Example of a Federal Block Grant:
Michigan School Breakfast and Lunch
Program
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Eligibility criteria
In order to qualify for this benefit
program, you must be a resident of the State of Michigan and a parent or primary
caregiver responsible for a child(ren) who attends school (high school or
under). Those who qualify must also have an annual household income before taxes
that must not exceed $23,107 if two people live in the household; $28,990 if
three people live in the household; $34,873 if four people live in the
household; $40,756 if five people live in the household; $46,639 if six people
live in the household, or $52,222 if seven people live in the household. For
larger households, add $3,180 for each additional person in the home.
Description
The School Breakfast Program provides funding
that makes it possible for schools to offer a nutritious breakfast to students
each day. Schools receive Federal funds for each breakfast served, provided that
the meal meets established nutrition standards. The State of Michigan provides
additional funds to schools for each meal served to children who qualify for
free or reduced-price meals. The goal of the National School Lunch Program
(NSLP) is to protect the health and well-being of the nation's children by
providing nutritious school meals every day. NSLP provides funding that makes it
possible for schools to offer a nutritious school lunch. Schools receive Federal
funds for each lunch served, provided that the meal meets established nutrition
standards. The Federal government and the State of Michigan provide additional
funds to schools for each meal served to children who qualify, because of family
income, for free or reduced-price meals.
Managing Organization
Michigan
http://www.mich.gov/
Source: Benefits.Gov
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Ch. 4 – Sec. 3 Notes - Interstate Relations
- Trouble among the States was a major reason for the adoption of the Constitution.
- Several parts of the document deal with how the States interact.
- For example, the Constitution forbids States to make treaties with one another.
- However, they may make interstate compacts, or agreements in response to shared problems.
- The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the Constitution says that each State must honor the laws, records, and court decisions of every other State.
- This clause applies only to civil matters, not criminal matters.
- The Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause says that no State may discriminate against a person who lives in another State.
- Each State must recognize the right of any American to travel in, do business in, or become a resident of that State.
- However, a State may draw reasonable distinctions between its own residents and those of other States.
- Example, a State may require that a person live within its boundaries for a period of time before voting.
- College tuition, Hunting and Fishing license Fees.
- The Constitution also establishes Extradition.
- The legal process by which a person accused of a
crime in one State is returned for trial to that State by the police of
another State.
- The Constitution’s provisions about interstate relations strengthened the hand of the National Government.
- By doing so, they lessened many of the frictions between the States.
Interstate Relations
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